Thursday 7 January 2016

Notes on Linux virtual memory page walk.

A simple test of virt_to_phys translation and accessing of physical RAM

I wanted to test the actual writing of a value on the physical RAM.

Hardware is a S3C2440 or a Wandboard.

Create a module and use virt_to_phys(mem). The "mem" should be pointing to the
memory address allocated using kmalloc(..). Print the value and note it down. Hit
the reset switch. When the bootloader boots up print the location using md.b <addr> 1.

The value should be present on that particular location.

Some statistics on the S3C2440:


PAGE_OFFSET             0xC0000000
PLATFORM_PHYS_OFFSET     0x30000000  --> The actual starting physical memory.
                                        The memory map says that it starts from 0x30000000

The calculation of the physical address is from the formula:

PHYSICAL_ADDRESS = KERNEL_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS - PAGE_OFFSET + PLATFORM_PHYS_OFFSET.

Explanation for the above formula:

The kernel virtual address starts from 0xC0000000. To get to the physical address with base '0' subtract it from
the PAGE_OFFSET. To get to the actual physical address based on the memory mapped address add it with the
PLATFOR_PHYS_OFFSET.

Bootup physical and virtual memory setup.

The paging unit startup is present in arch/arm/kernel/head.S

The kernel virtual RAM addr is based on the formula KERNEL_RAM_VADDR = PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET

The TEXT_OFFSET starts off at 0x00008000 which is defined in arch/arm/Makefile as TEXT_OFFSET := $(textofs-y)
where textofs-y := 0x00008000. Therefore the KERNEL_RAM_VADDR starts at 0xC0008000

The swapper_pg_dir starts off at (KERNEL_RAM_VADDR - PG_DIR_SIZE) where PG_DIR_SIZE is 0x4000. So the value is
0xC0008000 - 0x4000 = 0xC0004000. The swapper_pg_dir is the virtual address of the initial page table.

Initial page tables are setup with r8 having the phys_offset, r9 with cpuid and r10 the processor info.
It returns r4 which contains the physical page table address.

Initially an identity mapping is done i.e. the virtual address will have the same physical address. This will
later be removed once the kernel starts up fully.
The i/o space is also mapped so that the UART can be used before the paging unit is initialized.

Virtual memory for address space.


Glossary:

Page Frames -> Physical pages. Each page frame contains a page i.e. length of page frame coincides with a page.
Page -> A block of data that is stored in a page frame or disk.
pgd -> Page global directory.
pmd -> Page middle directory.
pte -> Page table entry.

1) Each process has a structure associated with it called mm_struct(include/linux/mm_types.h). Like a process list the
   mm_struct of each process are linked together as a linked list.
2) Each process has a pgd,pmd and a pte associated with it.
3) If a region is backed by a file, its vm_file (include/linux/fs.h) field will be set in "struct vm_region".
   By traversing vm_file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_mapping,(linux/path.h,linux/dcache.h,linux/fs.h,linux/fs.h) the
   associated address_space for the region may be obtained using the address_space_operations a_ops field. This
   structure has all the filesystem specific information required to perform page-based operations on disk. This
   structure is the address_space_operations which contains writepage,readpage etc. methods.
4) Initial parent mm_struct is initialized using INIT_MM_CONTEXT macro in mm/init-mm.c
5) A thread can be identified in the task list by finding all "task_structs" that have pointers to the same mm_struct.
6) Each memory region is respresented by a "vm_area_struct", which never overlaps. A full list of mapped regions that a
   process has may be viewed using the proc interface at /proc/PID/maps.
7) VMA supports vma operations using the "vm_operations_struct" using the methods open(),close() and nopage().
8) mmap() is used to create new memory regions within a process. *DOUBT* Initial memory regions and initial process exec.

The pgd,pmd and pte are allocated in the kernel space. Verified by checking the address which is 0xC0000000 plus.(This is obvious).

** Each task's "thread_info" structure is allocated at the endo of its stack. The task element of the structure is a pointer to the
task's actual task_struct.(Ref: Linux Kernel Development book. Chapter 3 Pg 27) **

It is useful to be able to quickly look up the process descriptor of the currently executing task, which is done via current macro.

Exercise:

1) Given a process number traverse the mm_struct list and dump the pgd address.


I have written a rough test module for my understanding.



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#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/thread_info.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>

#define CLASS_NAME "processmemtest"
#define DEV_FNAME "PROCESSMEMTESTMOD"
#define DEV_COUNT 1

/*
 * Objective:
 * 1) Given a process number traverse the mm_struct list
 *  and dump the pgd address.
 *
 * Bonus
 * -----
 * 2) Create a debugfs file and dump the neccessary debug information to it.
 * 3) Extract the pgd for each task.
 */


/*
 * Design:
 * -------
 * Create an attribute file and use it to write the process
 * number to it. Use it to traverse the mm_struct list and 
 * display the pgd address either in the attribute file or
 * in dmesg.
 */

/*
 *
 */

static ssize_t process_mem_test_read(
       struct file *file, 
       char __user *buff,
       size_t count,
       loff_t *offset
        ) 
{
 printk(KERN_ALERT "Process mem test read\n");

 return 0; //Make the user space process exit read.
}

static ssize_t process_mem_test_write(
       struct file *file,
       const char __user *buff,
       size_t count,
       loff_t *offset)
{
 printk(KERN_ALERT "Process mem test write\n");

 return count;
}

static int process_mem_test_open(
     struct inode *inode,
     struct file *file
     )
{
 printk(KERN_ALERT "Process mem test open\n");
 return 0;
}

static int process_mem_test_release(
     struct inode *inode,
     struct file *file
     )
{
 printk(KERN_ALERT "Process mem test release\n");
 return 0;
}
         
struct file_operations process_mem_test_fops = {
 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
 .read = process_mem_test_read,
 .write = process_mem_test_write,
 .open = process_mem_test_open,
 .release = process_mem_test_release,
};


dev_t process_mem_test_dev_no;

struct process_mem_test_device {
 struct cdev cdev;
} process_mem_test_dev;

struct class *process_mem_test_class;
struct device *process_mem_test_dev_info;


ssize_t process_mem_test_attr_show(struct device *dev, 
     struct device_attribute *attr,
     char *buf)
{
 struct task_struct *current_task;
 struct vm_area_struct *vmarea_struct_addr;

 current_task = current;


 if(current_task != NULL) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Current task : %d",
        current_task->pid);
  /*printk(KERN_ALERT "Current task : %d, On CPU %d\n",
     current_task->pid,current_task->on_cpu);*/
  printk(KERN_ALERT "mm: 0x%lx, active_mm 0x%lx\n",
     (unsigned long)current_task->mm,
     (unsigned long)current_task->active_mm);
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Page global directory : 0x%lx\n",
     (unsigned long)current_task->mm->pgd);
  printk(KERN_ALERT "mmap base : 0x%lx",
    (unsigned long)current_task->mm->mmap_base);

  vmarea_struct_addr = current_task->mm->mmap;

  while(vmarea_struct_addr != NULL) {
   
   printk(KERN_ALERT "vm_start : 0x%lx, vm_end : 0x%lx\n",
       (unsigned long)vmarea_struct_addr->vm_start,
       (unsigned long)vmarea_struct_addr->vm_end);
   vmarea_struct_addr = vmarea_struct_addr->vm_next;
  }


 } else {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Current task NULL\n");
 }

 return sprintf(buf,"attrib show\n");
}


void my_follow_page(struct mm_struct *mm,
     unsigned long addr_res)
{
 pgd_t *pgd;
 pmd_t *pmd;
 pud_t *pud;
 pte_t *ptep, pte;
 unsigned long pfn;

 struct page *page;
// char byte_val = 0;

 down_read(&(mm->mmap_sem));

 pgd = pgd_offset(mm,addr_res);

/* copy_from_user(&byte_val,addr_res,1);
 printk(KERN_ALERT "virt addr: 0x%lx, byte val : 0x%lx\n",
       addr_res,
       byte_val);*/

 if(pgd_none(*pgd) || pgd_bad(*pgd)) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "pgd bad\n");
  return;
 } else {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "pgd 0x%lx\n",(unsigned long)pgd);
 }

 pud = pud_offset(pgd,addr_res);
 
 if(pud_none(*pud) || pud_bad(*pud)) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "pud bad\n");
  return;
 } else {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "pud 0x%lx\n",(unsigned long)pud);
 }

 pmd = pmd_offset(pud,addr_res);

 if(pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_bad(*pmd)) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "pmd bad\n");
  return;
 } else {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "pmd 0x%lx\n",(unsigned long)pmd);
 }

 
 ptep = pte_offset_map(pmd,addr_res);
 if(!ptep) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "ptep bad\n");
 } else {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "ptep 0x%lx\n",(unsigned long)ptep);
 }

 pte = *ptep;
 

 if(pte_present(pte)) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "pte : 0x%lx\n",(unsigned long)pte);
  page = pte_page(pte);
 } else {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "pte not present\n");
 }

 printk(KERN_ALERT "pte with offset 0x%lx offset : 0x%lx\n",
   pte+((addr_res) & ((1<<PAGE_SHIFT)-1)),
   addr_res & ((1<<PAGE_SHIFT)-1));

 
 printk(KERN_ALERT "pfn from pte : 0x%lx\n",pfn = pte_pfn(pte));

 printk(KERN_ALERT "pfn to addr : 0x%lx, addr_res : 0x%lx\n",(pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT), 
     (unsigned long)PAGE_MASK);

 printk(KERN_ALERT "phys_addr : 0x%lx\n",(pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT) + (addr_res & ~PAGE_MASK));

 up_read(&(mm->mmap_sem));
}

//#define LOCK_TEST
#undef LOCK_TEST

#define MAP_REGION 0x100000

ssize_t process_mem_test_attr_store(struct device *dev, 
      struct device_attribute *attr,
      const char *buf,
      size_t count)
{

 struct task_struct *current_task;
 unsigned long addr_res;
 struct vm_area_struct *vmarea_struct_addr;
 unsigned int i = 0;

#ifdef LOCK_TEST
 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(test_lock);
 spin_lock_irq(&test_lock);
#endif

 current_task = current;

 if(current_task != NULL) {

  printk(KERN_ALERT "\nCurrent task pid: %d\n",
        current_task->pid);

  printk(KERN_ALERT "mm: 0x%lx, active_mm 0x%lx\n",
      (unsigned long)current_task->mm,
      (unsigned long)current_task->active_mm);
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Page global directory : 0x%lx\n",
      (unsigned long)current_task->mm->pgd);
  printk(KERN_ALERT "mmap base : 0x%lx",
      (unsigned long)current_task->mm->mmap_base);

  vmarea_struct_addr = current_task->mm->mmap;

  while(vmarea_struct_addr != NULL) {
   printk(KERN_ALERT "vm_start : 0x%lx, vm_end : 0x%lx\n",
       (unsigned long)vmarea_struct_addr->vm_start,
       (unsigned long)vmarea_struct_addr->vm_end);

   vmarea_struct_addr = vmarea_struct_addr->vm_next;
  }


 } else {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Current task NULL\n");
 }

 if(kstrtol(buf,10,&addr_res) != 0) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Error converting to long\n");
  return count;
 }

// copy_from_user(&kval,(unsigned int *)addr_res,4);

// printk(KERN_ALERT "kval : %x\n",kval);
 
 //addr_res = MAP_REGION;

 printk(KERN_ALERT "addr: 0x%lx\n",addr_res);


 my_follow_page(current_task->mm,
      addr_res+i);
     
#ifdef LOCK_TEST
 while(1)
  ;

 printk(KERN_ALERT "After lock\n");

#endif

 return count;
}

#define TEST_SIZE 4LL
int test_arr[TEST_SIZE] = {5,4,3,2};

/*
 * Explanation for the below code
 *
 * Initially "start" is called. Do all init's,holding locks in this
 * function. After this "show" is called. This is right after "start"
 * and is the first iteration. After this "next" is called where
 * we increment the iterator. After this "show" is called. If in 
 * "next" we reach the end we return NULL. This triggers the call to
 * "stop". A call will be done to start again where *pos is checked
 *  and return NULL which exits the sequence.
 *
 * General Sequence:
 * -----------------
 *  Start -> Show -> Next -> Show -> Next ->.. Next-> Stop-> Start-> Stop.
 */


unsigned char STOP_FLAG = 0;
void * mem_dbg_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
{
 struct vm_area_struct *vmarea_struct_addr;

 printk(KERN_ALERT "[GAUN] In %s\n",__FUNCTION__);

 if(STOP_FLAG) {
  STOP_FLAG = 0;
  return NULL;
 }

 if(current == NULL)
  return NULL;

 vmarea_struct_addr = current->mm->mmap;

 if(vmarea_struct_addr == NULL)
  return NULL;

 seq_printf(m,"Current task : %d\n",
     current->pid);
 seq_printf(m,"mm: 0x%lx, active_mm 0x%lx\n",
    (unsigned long)current->mm,
    (unsigned long)current->active_mm);
 seq_printf(m,"Page global directory : 0x%lx\n",
    (unsigned long)current->mm->pgd);
 seq_printf(m,"mmap base : 0x%lx\n",
    (unsigned long)current->mm->mmap_base);

 return vmarea_struct_addr;

 /*printk(KERN_ALERT "In %s pos : %lld\n",__FUNCTION__,*pos);
 
 if((*pos) == TEST_SIZE)
  return NULL;

 return test_arr;*/
}

void * mem_dbg_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)
{

 struct vm_area_struct *vmarea_struct_addr;

 vmarea_struct_addr = (struct vm_area_struct *)v;

 vmarea_struct_addr = vmarea_struct_addr->vm_next;

 if(vmarea_struct_addr == NULL) {
  STOP_FLAG = 1;
  return NULL;
 }

 return vmarea_struct_addr;

/* (*pos)++;

 if((*pos) == TEST_SIZE) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "[GAUN] Match\n");
  return NULL;
 }
 
 printk(KERN_ALERT "In %s pos : %lld\n",__FUNCTION__,*pos);
 return test_arr+(*pos);*/
}

int mem_dbg_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
 struct vm_area_struct *vmarea_struct_addr;

 vmarea_struct_addr = (struct vm_area_struct *) v;

 printk(KERN_ALERT "[GAUN] In %s\n",__FUNCTION__);


 if(vmarea_struct_addr != NULL)
  seq_printf(m,"vm_start : 0x%lx, vm_end : 0x%lx\n",
     (unsigned long)vmarea_struct_addr->vm_start,
     (unsigned long)vmarea_struct_addr->vm_end);
/* if(v != NULL)
  seq_printf(m,"%x ",*((int *)v));*/

 return 0;
}

void mem_dbg_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
 printk(KERN_ALERT "[GAUN] In %s\n",__FUNCTION__);
}

static const struct seq_operations seq_dbg_ops = {
 .start = mem_dbg_start,
 .next = mem_dbg_next,
 .stop = mem_dbg_stop,
 .show = mem_dbg_show,
};


int process_mem_dbg_open(struct inode *inode,
     struct file *file) 
{
 return seq_open(file,&seq_dbg_ops);
}

static const struct file_operations process_mem_dbg_fops = {
 .open = process_mem_dbg_open,
 .read = seq_read,
 .llseek = seq_lseek,
 .release = seq_release,
};

DEVICE_ATTR(
   process_mem_test,
   S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO,
   process_mem_test_attr_show,
   process_mem_test_attr_store
   );

struct dentry *process_mem_dir;
struct dentry *process_mem_dbgfile;

static int __init process_mem_test_init(void)
{
 int retval = 0;


 printk(KERN_ALERT "Process mem test init\n");

 retval = alloc_chrdev_region(
      &process_mem_test_dev_no,
      0,
      DEV_COUNT,
      DEV_FNAME
      );

 if(retval == 0) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Allocated char region with Major number : %d, Minor number : %d\n", 
    MAJOR(process_mem_test_dev_no),
    MINOR(process_mem_test_dev_no));
 } else {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Could not allocate char region\n");
  return retval;
 }
 
 cdev_init(&(process_mem_test_dev.cdev),
   &process_mem_test_fops);
 
 process_mem_test_dev.cdev.owner  = THIS_MODULE;

 retval = cdev_add(&process_mem_test_dev.cdev,
    process_mem_test_dev_no,DEV_COUNT);

 if(retval != 0) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Could not add character device\n");
  return retval;
 }
 
 process_mem_test_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,CLASS_NAME);
 process_mem_test_dev_info = device_create(
     process_mem_test_class,
     NULL,
     process_mem_test_dev_no,
     NULL,
     "process_mem_test_dev_0"
     );


 retval = device_create_file(
     process_mem_test_dev_info,
     &dev_attr_process_mem_test
     );
    
 if(retval != 0) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT "Could not create device file\n");
  return retval;
 }

 process_mem_dir = debugfs_create_dir(
      "process_mem_dbg",
      NULL);

 
 if(process_mem_dir == NULL) {
  printk(KERN_ALERT 
    "Could not create directory in debugfs\n");
 } else {
  process_mem_dbgfile = debugfs_create_file(
        "process_mem_test",
        0600,
        process_mem_dir,
        NULL,
        &process_mem_dbg_fops);
 }

 return 0;
}

static void __exit process_mem_test_exit(void)
{
 printk(KERN_ALERT "Process mem test exit\n");

 unregister_chrdev_region(process_mem_test_dev_no,
      DEV_COUNT);

 device_destroy(process_mem_test_class,
      process_mem_test_dev_no);

 class_destroy(process_mem_test_class);

 cdev_del(&process_mem_test_dev.cdev);

 debugfs_remove(process_mem_dbgfile);
 debugfs_remove(process_mem_dir);

}


module_init(process_mem_test_init);
module_exit(process_mem_test_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("TEST");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Process mem test");

The output log file captured is as follows:



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root@pathfinder:~# insmd   od process_mem_test.ko 
[   87.482043] Process mem test init
[   87.482164] Allocated char region with Major number : 250, Minor number : 0
root@pathfinder:~# [  109.271821] 
[  109.271821] Current task pid: 2392
[  109.271916] mm: 0xc3b35c00, active_mm 0xc3b35c00
[  109.275625] Page global directory : 0xc3af4000
[  109.279979] mmap base : 0xb6fc4000
[  109.283138] vm_start : 0x8000, vm_end : 0x9000
[  109.287658] vm_start : 0x10000, vm_end : 0x11000
[  109.292181] vm_start : 0xb6e60000, vm_end : 0xb6f89000
[  109.297215] vm_start : 0xb6f89000, vm_end : 0xb6f90000
[  109.302250] vm_start : 0xb6f90000, vm_end : 0xb6f92000
[  109.307284] vm_start : 0xb6f92000, vm_end : 0xb6f93000
[  109.312319] vm_start : 0xb6f93000, vm_end : 0xb6f96000
[  109.317355] vm_start : 0xb6f9e000, vm_end : 0xb6fbb000
[  109.322390] vm_start : 0xb6fbe000, vm_end : 0xb6fc1000
[  109.262697] vm_start : 0xb6fc1000, vm_end : 0xb6fc2000
[  109.267731] vm_start : 0xb6fc2000, vm_end : 0xb6fc3000
[  109.272766] vm_start : 0xb6fc3000, vm_end : 0xb6fc4000
[  109.277801] vm_start : 0xbec00000, vm_end : 0xbec22000
[  109.282841] kval : 1234
[  109.285221] addr: 10830
[  109.287612] pgd 0xc3af4000
[  109.290257] pud 0xc3af4000
[  109.292903] pmd 0xc3af4000
[  109.295548] ptep 0xc2e17040
[  109.298279] pte : 0x322d814f
[  109.301097] pte with offset 0x322d897f offset : 0x830



U-Boot 1.3.2-mini2440 (Feb 24 2014 - 23:40:48)


I2C:   ready

DRAM:  64 MB

NOR Flash not found. Use hardware switch and 'flinit'

Flash:  0 kB

NAND:  256 MiB

Found Environment offset in OOB..

USB:   S3C2410 USB Deviced

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  3     0 

MINI2440 # md.b 0x322d814f 1000   0         500

322d814f: 00 01 00 00 00 47 4e 55 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00    .....GNU........

322d815f: 00 06 00 00 00 1a 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 14 00 00    ................

322d816f: 00 03 00 00 00 47 4e 55 00 11 ef 02 49 29 da 5d    .....GNU....I).]

322d817f: 6a 2e df 8b 7d 02 2f a5 3d cb e0 f3 e7 03 00 00    j...}./.=.......

322d818f: 00 0b 00 00 00 09 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 08 00 00    ................

322d819f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 06 00 00    ................

322d81af: 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 01 00 00    ................

322d81bf: 00 03 00 00 00 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00    ................

322d81cf: 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 00 4a 21    ..............J!

322d81df: 38 88 40 a0 21 02 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 0a 00 00    8.@.!...........

322d81ef: 00 9c bb 93 1c 0b 0f b5 a5 b8 2b 6b 15 e2 41 72    ..........+k..Ar

322d81ff: f0 76 d7 9b 7c 50 b5 a8 10 7c ed 11 0f 5b 9a 3b    .v..|P...|...[.;

322d820f: 0f 2f 4e 3d f6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ./N=............

322d821f: 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d822f: 00 20 00 00 00 28 00 00 00 18 84 00 00 00 00 00    . ...(..........

322d823f: 00 12 00 00 00 1a 00 00 00 30 84 00 00 00 00 00    .........0......

322d824f: 00 12 00 00 00 1b 00 00 00 dc 83 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d825f: 00 12 00 00 00 2f 00 00 00 e8 83 00 00 00 00 00    ...../..........

322d826f: 00 12 00 00 00 3d 00 00 00 0c 84 00 00 00 00 00    .....=..........

322d827f: 00 12 00 00 00 54 00 00 00 24 84 00 00 00 00 00    .....T...$......

322d828f: 00 12 00 00 00 22 00 00 00 3c 84 00 00 00 00 00    ....."...<......

322d829f: 00 12 00 00 00 37 00 00 00 48 84 00 00 00 00 00    .....7...H......

322d82af: 00 12 00 00 00 42 00 00 00 f4 83 00 00 00 00 00    .....B..........

322d82bf: 00 12 00 00 00 00 5f 5f 67 6d 6f 6e 5f 73 74 61    ......__gmon_sta

322d82cf: 72 74 5f 5f 00 6c 69 62 63 2e 73 6f 2e 36 00 73    rt__.libc.so.6.s

322d82df: 70 72 69 6e 74 66 00 61 62 6f 72 74 00 73 74 72    printf.abort.str

322d82ef: 6c 65 6e 00 67 65 74 63 68 61 72 00 63 6c 6f 73    len.getchar.clos

322d82ff: 65 00 6f 70 65 6e 00 5f 5f 6c 69 62 63 5f 73 74    e.open.__libc_st

322d830f: 61 72 74 5f 6d 61 69 6e 00 77 72 69 74 65 00 47    art_main.write.G

322d831f: 4c 49 42 43 5f 32 2e 34 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 02    LIBC_2.4........

322d832f: 00 02 00 02 00 02 00 02 00 02 00 02 00 02 00 00    ................

322d833f: 00 01 00 01 00 10 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d834f: 00 14 69 69 0d 00 00 02 00 5a 00 00 00 00 00 00    ..ii.....Z......

322d835f: 00 24 08 01 00 15 01 00 00 fc 07 01 00 16 04 00    .$..............

322d836f: 00 00 08 01 00 16 05 00 00 04 08 01 00 16 0a 00    ................

322d837f: 00 08 08 01 00 16 01 00 00 0c 08 01 00 16 06 00    ................

322d838f: 00 10 08 01 00 16 02 00 00 14 08 01 00 16 07 00    ................

322d839f: 00 18 08 01 00 16 03 00 00 1c 08 01 00 16 08 00    ................

322d83af: 00 20 08 01 00 16 09 00 00 10 40 2d e9 33 00 00    . ........@-.3..

322d83bf: eb 10 40 bd e8 1e ff 2f e1 04 e0 2d e5 04 e0 9f    ..@..../...-....

322d83cf: e5 0e e0 8f e0 08 f0 be e5 18 84 00 00 00 c6 8f    ................

322d83df: e2 08 ca 8c e2 18 f4 bc e5 00 c6 8f e2 08 ca 8c    ................

322d83ef: e2 10 f4 bc e5 00 c6 8f e2 08 ca 8c e2 08 f4 bc    ................

322d83ff: e5 00 c6 8f e2 08 ca 8c e2 00 f4 bc e5 00 c6 8f    ................

322d840f: e2 08 ca 8c e2 f8 f3 bc e5 00 c6 8f e2 08 ca 8c    ................

322d841f: e2 f0 f3 bc e5 00 c6 8f e2 08 ca 8c e2 e8 f3 bc    ................

322d842f: e5 00 c6 8f e2 08 ca 8c e2 e0 f3 bc e5 00 c6 8f    ................

322d843f: e2 08 ca 8c e2 d8 f3 bc e5 00 c6 8f e2 08 ca 8c    ................

322d844f: e2 d0 f3 bc e5 00 b0 a0 e3 00 e0 a0 e3 04 10 9d    ................

322d845f: e4 0d 20 a0 e1 04 20 2d e5 04 00 2d e5 10 c0 9f    .. ... -...-....

322d846f: e5 04 c0 2d e5 0c 00 9f e5 0c 30 9f e5 dc ff ff    ...-......0.....

322d847f: eb ed ff ff eb 00 86 00 00 0c 85 00 00 04 86 00    ................

322d848f: 00 1c 30 9f e5 1c 20 9f e5 03 30 8f e0 02 20 93    ..0... ...0... .

322d849f: e7 00 00 52 e3 10 40 2d e9 d4 ff ff 1b 10 40 bd    ...R..@-......@.

322d84af: e8 1e ff 2f e1 50 83 00 00 34 00 00 00 10 30 9f    .../.P...4....0.

322d84bf: e5 00 20 d3 e5 00 00 52 e3 01 20 a0 03 00 20 c3    .. ....R.. ... .

322d84cf: 05 1e ff 2f e1 34 08 01 00 24 00 9f e5 08 40 2d    .../.4...$....@-

322d84df: e9 00 30 90 e5 00 00 53 e3 03 00 00 0a 14 30 9f    ..0....S......0.

322d84ef: e5 00 00 53 e3 0f e0 a0 11 13 ff 2f 11 08 40 bd    ...S......./..@.

322d84ff: e8 1e ff 2f e1 fc 06 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 48 2d    .../..........H-

322d850f: e9 04 b0 8d e2 01 da 4d e2 10 d0 4d e2 c0 30 9f    .......M...M..0.

322d851f: e5 04 20 4b e2 03 00 82 e7 b8 30 9f e5 04 20 4b    .. K......0... K

322d852f: e2 03 10 82 e7 b0 00 9f e5 02 10 a0 e3 b2 ff ff    ................

322d853f: eb 08 00 0b e5 a4 30 9f e5 03 00 a0 e1 a0 10 9f    ......0.........

322d854f: e5 a1 ff ff eb 9c 20 9f e5 01 3a 4b e2 04 30 43    ...... ...:K..0C

322d855f: e2 04 30 43 e2 03 00 a0 e1 02 10 a0 e1 80 20 9f    ..0C.......... .

322d856f: e5 ae ff ff eb 80 20 9f e5 01 3a 4b e2 04 30 43    ...... ...:K..0C

322d857f: e2 04 30 43 e2 02 00 a0 e1 03 10 a0 e1 92 ff ff    ..0C............

322d858f: eb 01 3a 4b e2 04 30 43 e2 04 30 43 e2 03 00 a0    ..:K..0C..0C....

322d859f: e1 9c ff ff eb 00 30 a0 e1 01 20 83 e2 01 3a 4b    ......0... ...:K

322d85af: e2 04 30 43 e2 04 30 43 e2 08 00 1b e5 03 10 a0    ..0C..0C........

322d85bf: e1 97 ff ff eb 08 00 1b e5 9e ff ff eb 85 ff ff    ................

322d85cf: eb 00 30 a0 e3 03 00 a0 e1 04 d0 4b e2 00 48 bd    ..0........K..H.

322d85df: e8 1e ff 2f e1 f4 ef ff ff f0 ef ff ff 84 86 00    .../............

322d85ef: 00 c8 86 00 00 30 08 01 00 d4 86 00 00 dc 86 00    .....0..........

322d85ff: 00 1e ff 2f e1 f0 47 2d e9 58 a0 9f e5 58 50 9f    .../..G-.X...XP.

322d860f: e5 00 60 a0 e1 01 70 a0 e1 02 80 a0 e1 65 ff ff    ..`...p......e..

322d861f: eb 48 30 9f e5 05 50 6a e0 03 30 8f e0 45 51 b0    .H0...Pj..0..EQ.

322d862f: e1 0a a0 83 e0 09 00 00 0a 00 40 a0 e3 06 00 a0    ..........@.....

322d863f: e1 07 10 a0 e1 08 20 a0 e1 04 c1 9a e7 0f e0 a0    ...... .........

322d864f: e1 1c ff 2f e1 01 40 84 e2 05 00 54 e1 f6 ff ff    .../..@....T....

322d865f: 3a f0 47 bd e8 1e ff 2f e1 04 ff ff ff 08 ff ff    :.G..../........

322d866f: ff c0 81 00 00 10 40 2d e9 10 40 bd e8 1e ff 2f    ......@-..@..../

322d867f: e1 01 00 02 00 2f 73 79 73 2f 63 6c 61 73 73 2f    ...../sys/class/

322d868f: 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6d 65 6d 74 65 73 74 2f 70    processmemtest/p

322d869f: 72 6f 63 65 73 73 5f 6d 65 6d 5f 74 65 73 74 5f    rocess_mem_test_

322d86af: 64 65 76 5f 30 2f 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 5f 6d 65    dev_0/process_me

322d86bf: 6d 5f 74 65 73 74 00 00 00 61 64 64 72 20 3a 20    m_test...addr : 

322d86cf: 25 6c 78 0a 00 25 6c 75 0a 00 00 00 00 62 75 66    %lx..%lu.....buf

322d86df: 66 20 3a 20 25 73 0a 00 00 6c fd ff 7f 01 00 00    f : %s...l......

322d86ef: 00 00 00 00 00 d8 84 00 00 bc 84 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d86ff: 00 01 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 b8 83 00    ................

322d870f: 00 0d 00 00 00 74 86 00 00 19 00 00 00 f4 06 01    .....t..........

322d871f: 00 1b 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 1a 00 00 00 f8 06 01    ................

322d872f: 00 1c 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 8c 81 00    ................

322d873f: 00 f5 fe ff 6f cc 81 00 00 05 00 00 00 c4 82 00    ....o...........

322d874f: 00 06 00 00 00 14 82 00 00 0a 00 00 00 64 00 00    .............d..

322d875f: 00 0b 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 15 00 00 00 44 39 fc    .............D9.

322d876f: b6 03 00 00 00 f0 07 01 00 02 00 00 00 50 00 00    .............P..

322d877f: 00 14 00 00 00 11 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 68 83 00    .............h..

322d878f: 00 11 00 00 00 60 83 00 00 12 00 00 00 08 00 00    .....`..........

322d879f: 00 13 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 fe ff ff 6f 40 83 00    ............o@..

322d87af: 00 ff ff ff 6f 01 00 00 00 f0 ff ff 6f 28 83 00    ....o.......o(..

322d87bf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d87cf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d87df: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d87ef: 00 00 07 01 00 58 39 fc b6 3c 2d fb b6 c0 68 ea    .....X9..<-...h.

322d87ff: b6 c8 83 00 00 78 55 e7 b6 c8 83 00 00 c0 dc f1    .....xU.........

322d880f: b6 c8 83 00 00 c8 83 00 00 3c 69 ea b6 c8 83 00    .........<i.....

322d881f: 00 c8 83 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d882f: 00 34 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    .4..............

322d883f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d884f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d885f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d886f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d887f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d888f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d889f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d88af: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d88bf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d88cf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d88df: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d88ef: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d88ff: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d890f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d891f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d892f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d893f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d894f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d895f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d896f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d897f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d898f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d899f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d89af: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d89bf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d89cf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d89df: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d89ef: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d89ff: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8a0f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8a1f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8a2f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8a3f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8a4f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8a5f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8a6f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8a7f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8a8f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8a9f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8aaf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8abf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8acf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8adf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8aef: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8aff: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8b0f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8b1f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8b2f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8b3f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8b4f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8b5f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8b6f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8b7f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8b8f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8b9f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8baf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8bbf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8bcf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8bdf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8bef: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8bff: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8c0f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8c1f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8c2f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8c3f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8c4f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8c5f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8c6f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8c7f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

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322d8e9f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

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322d8ecf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d8edf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

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322d901f: b6 54 29 b8 b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86    .T).............

322d902f: b6 60 27 b8 b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86 b6 3c 97 b8    .`'..........<..

322d903f: b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86    ................

322d904f: b6 a8 c9 86 b6 10 9b ab b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86    ................

322d905f: b6 a8 c9 86 b6 6c 47 a2 b6 a8 c9 86 b6 3c a9 ae    .....lG......<..

322d906f: b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86    ................

322d907f: b6 a8 c9 86 b6 a8 c9 86 b6 20 48 ad b6 00 00 00    ......... H.....

322d908f: 00 d4 1e a2 b6 00 00 00 00 70 1d a2 b6 9c 80 87    .........p......

322d909f: b6 00 00 00 00 00 61 65 61 62 69 00 01 21 00 00    ......aeabi..!..

322d90af: 00 05 34 54 00 06 02 08 01 09 01 12 04 14 01 15    ..4T............

322d90bf: 01 17 03 18 01 19 01 1a 02 1e 02 2c 01 6c 69 62    ...........,.lib

322d90cf: 6e 73 73 5f 64 6e 73 2d 32 2e 31 33 2e 73 6f 00    nss_dns-2.13.so.

322d90df: 00 18 43 22 a0 00 2e 73 68 73 74 72 74 61 62 00    ..C"...shstrtab.

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322d910f: 00 2e 67 6e 75 2e 68 61 73 68 00 2e 64 79 6e 73    ..gnu.hash..dyns

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322d91ff: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d920f: 00 0b 00 00 00 07 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 34 01 00    .............4..

322d921f: 00 34 01 00 00 24 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    .4...$..........

322d922f: 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1e 00 00 00 07 00 00    ................

322d923f: 00 02 00 00 00 58 01 00 00 58 01 00 00 20 00 00    .....X...X... ..

322d924f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d925f: 00 2c 00 00 00 f6 ff ff 6f 02 00 00 00 78 01 00    .,......o....x..

322d926f: 00 78 01 00 00 74 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00    .x...t..........

322d927f: 00 04 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 36 00 00 00 0b 00 00    .........6......

322d928f: 00 02 00 00 00 ec 01 00 00 ec 01 00 00 d0 02 00    ................

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322d92bf: 00 bc 04 00 00 b2 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d92cf: 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 46 00 00 00 ff ff ff    .........F......

322d92df: 6f 02 00 00 00 6e 07 00 00 6e 07 00 00 5a 00 00    o....n...n...Z..

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322d930f: 00 c8 07 00 00 38 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 02 00 00    .....8..........

322d931f: 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 62 00 00 00 fe ff ff    .........b......

322d932f: 6f 02 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00 00 60 00 00    o............`..

322d933f: 00 05 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d934f: 00 71 00 00 00 09 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 60 08 00    .q...........`..

322d935f: 00 60 08 00 00 40 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00    .`...@..........

322d936f: 00 04 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 7a 00 00 00 09 00 00    .........z......

322d937f: 00 02 00 00 00 a0 08 00 00 a0 08 00 00 f8 00 00    ................

322d938f: 00 04 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 08 00 00    ................

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322d93af: 00 98 09 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d93bf: 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7e 00 00 00 01 00 00    .........~......

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322d93df: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 04 00 00    ................

322d93ef: 00 89 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 30 0b 00    .............0..

322d93ff: 00 30 0b 00 00 6c 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    .0...l(.........

322d940f: 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8f 00 00 00 01 00 00    ................

322d941f: 00 06 00 00 00 9c 33 00 00 9c 33 00 00 0c 00 00    ......3...3.....

322d942f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d943f: 00 95 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 a8 33 00    ..............3.

322d944f: 00 a8 33 00 00 54 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ..3..T..........

322d945f: 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 9d 00 00 00 01 00 00    ................

322d946f: 00 02 00 00 00 fc 34 00 00 fc 34 00 00 14 00 00    ......4...4.....

322d947f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d948f: 00 a5 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 10 35 00    ..............5.

322d949f: 00 10 35 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ..5.............

322d94af: 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 00 00 00 05 00 00    .........0......

322d94bf: 00 02 00 00 00 14 35 00 00 14 35 00 00 e4 01 00    ......5...5.....

322d94cf: 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 04 00 00    ................

322d94df: 00 af 00 00 00 0e 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 ec be 00    ................

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322d94ff: 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 bb 00 00 00 0f 00 00    ................

322d950f: 00 03 00 00 00 f0 be 00 00 f0 3e 00 00 04 00 00    ..........>.....

322d951f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

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322d954f: 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 cc 00 00 00 06 00 00    ................

322d955f: 00 03 00 00 00 f8 be 00 00 f8 3e 00 00 08 01 00    ..........>.....

322d956f: 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 08 00 00    ................

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322d958f: 00 00 40 00 00 9c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ..@.............

322d959f: 00 04 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 da 00 00 00 01 00 00    ................

322d95af: 00 03 00 00 00 9c c0 00 00 9c 40 00 00 04 00 00    ..........@.....

322d95bf: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d95cf: 00 e0 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 a0 c0 00    ................

322d95df: 00 a0 40 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ..@.............

322d95ef: 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e5 00 00 00 03 00 00    ................

322d95ff: 70 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 40 00 00 2c 00 00    p.........@..,..

322d960f: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d961f: 00 f5 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ................

322d962f: 00 cc 40 00 00 18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    ..@.............

322d963f: 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 03 00 00    ................

MINI2440 # 

"People think that computer science is the art of geniuses but the actual reality is the opposite, just many people doing things that build on each other, like a wall of mini stones."
- Donald Knuth

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